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 | ROMANIAgeneral data of the country |
| General useful information |
| Note: some data are of constant value, while other are due to changes, fluctuations etc. |
| Nation and population |
| official name (short form): România |
| country code ISO: RO //; - FIPS: RO |
| location: Southeast Europe |
| time zone: +2 UT* [*= applying daylight saving time] |
| surface (land) area: 237500 sq.km = 91699 sq.mi //; - area incl. inland waters: sq.km = sq.mi |
| geographical position in extreme co-ordinates: North: 48°15'06" N / South: 43°37'07" N / East: 29°41'24" E / West: 20°15'44" E |
| borders (land): Bulgaria 631 km, Yugoslavia 546, Moldova 681, Ukraine 649, Hungary 448 |
| borders (coastline): Black Sea 194 km // total length of all borders: 3150 km |
| climate: moderate continental |
| Government |
| independent since: 1859 ; 1862 ; 1877-05-21 |
| type of government: republic |
| capital: Bucuresti (Bucharest) |
| administrative division: judet (41) [ "judetul" is the name with the article included] |
| Population |
| population according to the last two censuses (1992): 22760,449 / -; (2002, provisional results) ca 21900,000 |
| total population according to the estimate of midyear 2000: 22411,121 /-; 2001: 22435,000 |
| population density: 93 per sq.km = 240 per sq.mi |
| population growth: -0,4% //; - doubling time: not applicable; stable, or recently declining population |
| birth rate: 11 - 15 per 1000 |
| death rate: 11 - 12 per 1000 |
| fertility rate: 2 children per female |
| maternal mortality: 150 per 100,000 |
| infant mortality (1-4 years): 19 per 1000 |
| life expectancy: 70 years (male: 66; female: 74) |
| age breakdown: 0-14 years: 23% //; - 15-59 years: 61% //; - 60+ years: 16% |
| urbanisation: 56% //; - urbanisation growth: 2,5% |
| percentage of urban population in the greatest city: 17% |
| Ethnic composition, language, religion |
| ethnic groups: Romanian 89,5%; Hungarian 7,1%; Roma 1,7%; German 0,5%; Ukrainian 0,3%; Russian 0,2%; Turk 0,1% |
| languages: Romanian (official); Hungarian, German, Roma |
| religious affiliation: Romanian Orthodox 70%; Greek Orthodox 10%; Roman Catholic 6%; Protestant 6% |
| Health |
| daily food intake: 3263 calories per capita |
| population with access to safe water: 62% |
| people per physician: 543 |
| people per hospital bed: 137 |
| Education, literacy |
| school enrolment: primary education 6-11 years: 95% |
| school enrolment: secondary education: 88% |
| school enrolment: tertiary education 20-24 years: 14% |
| adult literacy: 96,7% (male: 98,5%; female: 95%) |
| Economy and infrastructure |
| Economy and trade |
| currency: Leu (plural: Lei) = 100 bani |
| annual inflation rate: 98% |
| population below poverty line: 21% |
| Gross Domestic Product: USD 1480 per capita |
| GNI USD 1670per capita //; - [ppp: 6360] |
| GDP growth: -0,4% |
| income: USD 1340 per capita |
| import: USD 11435 per capita //; - export: USD 8085 per capita |
| trade: USD 414 per capita //; - or 64% of GDP |
| trade partners: EU CIS-countries AS CN YU IR |
| human development index: 0,772 //; - position of the country in the world no.: 58 |
| female labour force: 45% |
| unemployment: 10,5% |
| tourism: 3,3 million |
| Economic activities in agriculture, fisheries, industry, mining, services, energy |
| land use: arable land: 44% //; - grass land: 21% //; - wooded area: 28% //; - arid land and desert: % |
| agriculture: labour force: 31% //; - part of agriculture in GDP: 19% |
| agricultural products: cereals, sugar, fruit, vegetables, timber, livestock, fish, potatoes, grapes, sunflower seeds |
| livestock (million): asses: ? / cattle: 3 / goats: 0,6 / horses: 0,9 / pigs: 6 / poultry: 72 / sheep: 8 |
| fish catch: 19322 metric tonnes |
| industry: labour force: 44% //; - part of industry in GDP: 49% |
| industrial products: iron & steel, chemicals, textiles, food processing, construction materials, machinery, metals |
| mining products: natural oil & gas, iron, bauxite, zinc, copper, coal |
| CO2 emission per capita: 4,1 |
| services: labour force: 26% //; - part of services in GDP: 32% |
| energy use (kg per capita): 1622 |
| electricity use (per capita): 1511 |
| annual water use (per capita): 1134 |
| Traffic, communication |
| road network: 72816 (153170) km //; - of which paved: 50% //; - of which are motorways: 114 km |
| vehicles: 100 per 1000 |
| railways: 11127, or 11365 km //; - railways passenger/km: 18880 |
| navigable inland waterways: 1613, or 1724 km |
| ownership telephone: 131 - 167 per 1000 |
| ownership radio receivers: 198 - 335 per 1000 |
| ownership tv-sets: 201 - 233 per 1000 |
| newspaper circulation: 297 per 1000 |
| persons per post office: 4330 |
| personal computers: 32 per 1000 |
| Some physical landmarks |
| mountains: Moldoveanu 2544 m, Negoiu 2535, Parângu Mare 2518, Peleaga 2509, Omu 2505, Retezat 2482, Iezeru Mare 2462 |
| lowest point: sea level |
| lakes (natural): Oltina, Iezerul Mostistei, Balta Alba, Jirlâu, Amara-Buzâu, Snagov, Ianca |
| lakes (artificial reservoirs): Ostrovu Mare, Portiel de Fier, Stânca-Costesti, Izvorul Muntelui Bicaz, Strejesti |
| lakes (deepest): unknown |
| rivers: Dunârea (Danube) 1075 km, Mures 761, Prut 742, Olt 615, Siret 559, Ialomita 417, Somes 376, Arges 350, Jiu 339, Buzâu 302 |
| canals: unknown |
| waterfalls: unknown |
| caves: longest system: unknown / deepest: |
| islands: none // deserts: none |
| other natural features: more lakes as sea lagunes: Razim, Sinoie, Golovita, Zmeica, Siuthgiol |
| Additional remarks, especially on the statistical information |
| other important features: |
| apart from physical landmarks most of the above figures are changeable, in most cases they date from the 1990's. The territorial surface |
| of the state has changed many times between 1859 and the present time. Differences from 1859-1877, 1878-1912, 1913-1918, |
| 1918-1940, 1941-1945 and from 1945 onwards: see the remarks at the bottom of the file containing the country's population growth |
| primary sources used for the general information: |
| BB CA EV PW WA WB WR, and some national statistical yearbooks |
| particulars concerning population data: |
To the page containing the population growth statistics of the country
To the page containing the historical population growth statistics of the provinces prior to 1948
To the page containing urban historical population statistics
Back to the homepage of this website: POPULATION STATISTICS
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