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 | SOMALIAgeneral data of the country |
| General useful information |
| Note: some data are of constant value, while other are due to changes, fluctuations etc. |
| Nation and population |
| official name (short form): Soomaaliya |
| country code ISO: SO //; - FIPS: SO |
| location: Northeast Africa |
| time zone: +3 UT |
| surface (land) area: 637660 sq.km = 246200 sq.mi //; - area incl. inland waters: sq.km = sq.mi |
| geographical position in extreme co-ordinates: North: 12° N / South: 2° S / East: 52° E / West: 41° E |
| borders (land): Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya |
| borders (coastline): Indian Ocean |
| climate: tropical arid, northern coast hot and humid |
| Government |
| independent since: 1960-07-01 |
| type of government: republic |
| capital: Muqdisho (Mogadishu) |
| administrative division: region (16) |
| Population |
| population according to the last two censuses (1975): 4089,203 /-; (1986): 7114,431 |
| total population according to the estimate of midyear 2000: 7253,137; or: 8778,000 /-; 2001: 10390,000 |
| population density: 14 per sq.km = 36 per sq.mi |
| population growth: 3% //; - doubling time: 22 years |
| birth rate: 45 - 47 per 1000 |
| death rate: 13 - 18 per 1000 |
| fertility rate: 7 children per female |
| maternal mortality: 1100 per 100,000 |
| infant mortality (1-4 years): 117 - 123 per 1000 |
| life expectancy: 47 years (male: 45; female: 48) |
| age breakdown: 0-14 years: 47% //; - 15-59 years: 49% //; - 60+ years: 4% |
| urbanisation: 27 - 36% //; - urbanisation growth: 5% |
| percentage of urban population in the greatest city: 34% |
| Ethnic composition, language, religion |
| ethnic groups: Somali 98,3%; Arab 1,2%; Bantu 0,4%; other 0,1% |
| languages: Somali (official); Arab, English, Italian |
| religious affiliation: Sunnī Muslim 99,8%; Christian 0,1%; other 0,1% |
| Health |
| daily food intake: 1531 calories per capita |
| population with access to safe water: 37% |
| people per physician: 19000 |
| people per hospital bed: |
| Education, literacy |
| school enrolment: primary education 6-11 years: 50% |
| school enrolment: secondary education: 7% |
| school enrolment: tertiary education 20-24 years: 1% |
| adult literacy: 24% (male: 43%; female: 14%) |
| Economy and infrastructure |
| Economy and trade |
| currency: Somali shilling = 100 cents |
| annual inflation rate: % |
| population below poverty line: % |
| Gross Domestic Product: USD 150 per capita |
| GNI USD 110 per capita //; - [ppp: ] |
| GDP growth: % |
| income: USD 150 per capita |
| import: USD 228 per capita //; - export: USD 44 per capita |
| trade: USD 35 per capita //; - or % of GDP |
| trade partners: SA IT GB KE DE |
| human development index: unknown //; - position of the country in the world no.: one of the lowest of the world |
| female labour force: 43 - 49% |
| unemployment: % |
| tourism: 0,01 million |
| Economic activities in agriculture, fisheries, industry, mining, services, energy |
| land use: arable land: 2% //; - grass land: 69% //; - wooded area: 14 - 25% //; - arid land and desert: % |
| agriculture: labour force: 76% //; - part of agriculture in GDP: 65% |
| agricultural products: fruits, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, bananas, sesame seed, beans, dates, fish, mangoes |
| livestock (million): camels: 6,1 / cattle: 5,1 / goats: 12,3 / pigs: 0,004 / poultry: 3,2 / sheep: 13,1 |
| fish catch: 15700 - 20250 metric tonnes |
| industry: labour force: 8% //; - part of industry in GDP: 10% |
| industrial products: hides & skins, food processing, |
| mining products: sepiolote, salt, tin, zinc, copper, gypsum, manganese, uranium, iron, bauxite |
| CO2 emission per capita: |
| services: labour force: 16% //; - part of services in GDP: 25% |
| energy use (kg per capita): 7 |
| electricity use (per capita): |
| annual water use (per capita): 98 |
| Traffic, communication |
| road network: 22218, or 23700 km //; - of which paved: 12% //; - of which are motorways: 0 km |
| vehicles: 1 per 1000 |
| railways: 0 km //; - railways passenger/km: - |
| navigable inland waterways: 0 km |
| ownership telephone: 1,7 - 2 per 1000 |
| ownership radio receivers: 41 - 53 per 1000 |
| ownership tv-sets: 13 - 18 per 1000 |
| newspaper circulation: 1 per 1000 |
| persons per post office: |
| personal computers: per 1000 |
| Some physical landmarks |
| mountains: Buuraha Surud Cad (Shimbiris) 2407 m, Baxaya 2200, Bur Afaf 2073, Qar Wager 2000 |
| lowest point: sea level |
| lakes (natural): none, or unknown |
| lakes (artificial reservoirs): none, or unknown |
| lakes (deepest): unknown |
| rivers: Juba, Shebeli and lots of wadi rivers |
| canals: none, or unknown |
| waterfalls: none, or unknown |
| caves: longest system: none, or unknown / deepest: |
| islands: none, or unknown |
| deserts: |
| other natural features: at the fringe of Ogaden |
| Additional remarks, especially on the statistical information |
| other important features: |
| apart from physical landmarks most of the above figures are changeable, in most cases they date from the 1990's |
| due to the instable situation - mainly caused by civil war conditions - data are not reliable nor trustworthy |
| primary sources used for the general information: |
| BB CA EV PW WA WB WR, and some national statistical yearbooks |
| particulars concerning population data: |
| sources used state a wide range of estimates |
To the page containing the population growth statistics of the country
To the page containing the historical population growth statistics of the provinces
To the page containing urban historical population statistics
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